Chadwick International School vs Seoul Foreign School
Chadwick International School and Seoul Foreign School are both in Seoul, about 32 km apart. Both schools offer IB programmes, and Seoul Foreign School also offers British. Published annual fees are ₩51,591,690 - 60,197,655 at Chadwick International School and ₩37,612,549 - 52,279,697 at Seoul Foreign School, which puts Chadwick International School roughly 24% higher. Chadwick International School takes pupils from 4 to 18, and Seoul Foreign School from 2 to 18. The two are similar in size, at around 1,500 and 1,500 pupils. Typical class sizes are 20 at Chadwick International School and 18 at Seoul Foreign School.
Chadwick International is located at 45 Art Center-daero 97beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea, in Songdo. Songdo is a planned international city within the Incheon Free Economic Zone, designed to host a global community and international facilities. The campus is about 30 kilometers southwest of Seoul, with Incheon International Airport roughly 15 miles away and accessible via public transit including subway and buses.
Location
Seoul Foreign School is located at 39 Yeonhui-ro 22-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03723, South Korea. The hilltop campus sits on about 25 acres in the Yeonhui area of Seoul and hosts four sections on one site, including the British School, Elementary School, Middle School, and High School. The school's Seodaemun-gu location places it on a central-west side neighborhood that is served by city transport; the campus is described as a hilltop setting with extensive facilities.
Stages
Stages
Village School (Pre-K to Grade 5), Middle School (Grade 6–8), and Upper School (Grade 9–12).
Stages
Seoul Foreign School consists of four sections: the British School (Early Years–Year 6), the Elementary School, the Middle School, and the High School, all on one hilltop campus. The school offers two curricular paths: the English National Curriculum in the British School and the International Baccalaureate continuum (PYP in Elementary, MYP in Middle, and DP in High) across sections. Ages map to the sections as follows: Ages 2-5 can join the British School Foundation or Elementary School PYP; Ages 5-11 can follow British School Key Stage 2 or Elementary School PYP (Grades 1-5); Ages 11-14 attend Middle School (MYP); and Ages 14-18 complete High School (DP).
School type
School type
Independent, co-educational international day school. Boarding facilities are not offered (DAY).
School type
Seoul Foreign School is a co-educational international day school.
Pupil nationality mix
Pupil nationality mix
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Pupil nationality mix
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Additional learning support
Additional learning support
Chadwick International does not publish a formal SEN policy on its public materials. The school emphasises inclusion and provides a buddy system and a range of co-curricular and service opportunities to support diverse learners; families with Additional Learning Needs should contact admissions for guidance on supports available.
Additional learning support
Seoul Foreign School provides on-site, full-time Student Support Services with specialists who support language and literacy, learning needs, school psychology, counseling, and speech-and-language therapy. The program includes Language Support, Learning Support, School Psychology Services, School Counseling, and Speech and Language Therapy, with collaborative processes to inform admissions and ongoing support.
Country affiliation
Country affiliation
Chadwick International is part of the Chadwick School network, with a sister campus in Palos Verdes, California, USA, operated under the Roessler-Chadwick Foundation; the two campuses form one school across two countries.
Country affiliation
There is no formal country affiliation for Seoul Foreign School; it functions as an international school offering IB DP, MYP, PYP and the English National Curriculum.
Religious affiliation
Religious affiliation
Non-sectarian / non-denominational.
Religious affiliation
Seoul Foreign School has a Christian orientation, with the mission centered in Christ, and holds membership in the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI).
School day structure
School day structure
Public listings indicate a standard day starting at 8:00 with dismissal around 14:45 on Mondays and 15:30 on Tuesdays to Fridays; exact daily timings and breaks are not published publicly and may vary by grade.
School day structure
Middle School starts at 8:10 AM and the day typically runs until around 3:00 PM, with Period 1 beginning at 8:10 AM and advisory time scheduled near the end of the day. After-school activities and late buses are available for eligible students, and advisory periods provide structured end-of-day time. The school operates on a rotating Six Day Schedule for ES/BS/MS and a Twelve Day Schedule for HS.
Bus service details
Bus service details
There is no school-operated bus service published; Chadwick International is accessible by public transit. The Directions page lists subway access via Campus Town Station and local buses (e.g., bus numbers 6-1 and 103-1), and connections from Incheon International Airport via public bus routes (e.g., 303/303-1 or 6707B). Songdo also offers a broader city bus network and infrastructure to support commuting.
Bus service details
Seoul Foreign School owns and operates a fleet of 25 full-sized buses, with 24 routes that bring more than 1,000 students to school daily, designed to keep drive times close to one hour and to reach popular Seoul neighborhoods. Each bus has a safety monitor, and all monitors speak English. Parents receive a text message confirming assigned bus stops and times in early June, with contact details for drivers and monitors.
Fees
Fees
Fee details
Fee details
Application and one‑time (new student) fees
- Application Fee: KRW 400,000 or USD 350 — one‑time, non‑refundable (payable at application). - Matriculation Fee: KRW 1,000,000 — one‑time, non‑refundable after school starts (payable upon acceptance). - Capital Development Fee: KRW 5,000,000 — one‑time, non‑refundable (payable upon acceptance).
Annual tuition rates (school divisions)
- Village School (Early Years / Elementary): KRW 27,360,000 plus USD 15,530 per year. - Middle School: KRW 29,440,000 plus USD 16,670 per year. - Upper School: KRW 32,220,000 plus USD 18,270 per year.
Per‑term / payment instalment schedule and amounts (billing schedule)
- Enrollment / Re‑enrollment deposit: KRW 3,000,000 (due date shown March 7, 2025 in the published schedule); this enrollment/re‑enrollment deposit is treated as part of the annual tuition.
- Village School payment split (amounts billed in KRW plus a USD portion): - Enrollment/Re‑Enrollment deposit: KRW 3,000,000. - 1st payment: KRW 14,784,000 plus USD 10,090 (due date shown July 4, 2025). - Final payment: KRW 9,576,000 plus USD 5,440 (due date shown January 9, 2026). - The three amounts together equal the published annual tuition for the Village School division.
- Middle School payment split: - Enrollment/Re‑Enrollment deposit: KRW 3,000,000. - 1st payment: KRW 16,136,000 plus USD 10,840 (due date shown July 4, 2025). - Final payment: KRW 10,304,000 plus USD 5,830 (due date shown January 9, 2026). - The three amounts together equal the published annual tuition for the Middle School division.
- Upper School payment split: - Enrollment/Re‑Enrollment deposit: KRW 3,000,000. - 1st payment: KRW 17,943,000 plus USD 11,870 (due date shown July 4, 2025). - Final payment: KRW 11,277,000 plus USD 6,400 (due date shown January 9, 2026). - The three amounts together equal the published annual tuition for the Upper School division.
Billing schedule and payment terms (general rules)
- Tuition and fees are due and payable upon formal acceptance. Tuition and fees are to be wire transferred to the school's designated bank accounts within 10 working days after acceptance. A late fee (interest) is assessed at 1.5% per month on outstanding balances after the due date. Refunds are made to the parent account or to an authorized representative.
Optional / additional fees and common ancillary costs
- Annual Bus Fee (Seoul & Pangyo routes): KRW 4,850,000 (students joining after the start of year are eligible for a pro‑rated discount). - School meals (cafeteria rates per meal): Village School KRW 6,700 per meal; Middle School / Upper School KRW 8,200 per meal. - After‑school community programs (CICP): starting price KRW 15,000 per class; many classes at KRW 15,000–17,500; specialized classes (tennis, golf, robotics, fencing) may be higher. - Instrumental Music Program (IMP) 1:1 lesson fees (example lesson pricing): 30‑minute lesson KRW 50,000; 45‑minute KRW 75,000; 60‑minute KRW 100,000. - Technology equipment expectation by grade (device specification noted): Grade 1–3 iPad 10th Gen 64GB; Grade 4–12 MacBook Pro 13 (8GB RAM / 256GB SSD). Families are responsible for purchasing required devices.
Boarding
- No boarding fees are published. A boarding program and boarding fees are not listed among the school's published tuition and fee items.
Refunds, early withdrawal and late‑entry discount rules
- Application fee: non‑refundable in all circumstances. - Re‑enrollment/enrollment deposit (KRW 3,000,000): treated as part of annual tuition; refundable only in limited, documented circumstances when beyond the family's control and subject to time limits. The re‑enrollment/enrollment deposit is non‑refundable after one week from the re‑enrollment/enrollment due date. - Early withdrawal refund schedule (withdrawal after tuition has been paid): - Withdrawal during first term (dates per school calendar): refund equals 65% of annual tuition. - Withdrawal during second term (dates per school calendar): refund equals 35% of annual tuition. - No refund in third term. - Late‑entry discount schedule (for students who start after the school year begins): examples published show a 35% late‑entry discount for entries in a mid‑year window and a 65% discount for later‑year entries (specific applicable dates are published in the school calendar). - In the event of force majeure that causes school closure before the end of the regular school year, tuition and fees already paid for the school year are not refundable. - Refunds are made to the parent account or an authorized representative. A late fee of 1.5% per month will apply to overdue amounts.
Payment methods and currencies
- Fees are published with a Korean‑won portion and a U.S.‑dollar portion where applicable. The school requires tuition and fees to be wire transferred to its designated bank accounts within the required timeframe; banking details are provided by the school with billing instructions. The application fee is quoted in either KRW or USD. Families should arrange wire transfers according to the school's payment instructions.
Other practical notes on additional small costs
- Physical education shirts and school uniform items are handled through school ordering channels; the school supplies specified PE shirts to certain grades and additional uniform purchases are available from the school store (ordering timing and extra‑purchase options are announced to families). Specific uniform pricing is not listed in the published tuition/fees page.
Summary of the most important fee figures (single line)
- Village School annual tuition: KRW 27,360,000 + USD 15,530; Middle School: KRW 29,440,000 + USD 16,670; Upper School: KRW 32,220,000 + USD 18,270. One‑time new student fees include Application Fee KRW 400,000 (or USD 350), Matriculation Fee KRW 1,000,000, and Capital Development Fee KRW 5,000,000.
Fee details
Application & New‑student Fees - Application Fee (payable upon application, one‑time, non‑refundable): KRW 400,000. - Registration Fee (payable upon acceptance, one‑time, non‑refundable): KRW 600,000. - Entrance Fee (one‑time, non‑refundable): KRW 5,500,000. - Re‑enrollment deposit for returning students (applied to tuition; non‑refundable): KRW 6,500,000 due by the re‑enrollment date.
Tuition Fees by Year Group (annual; full school year Aug 11, 2025 – June 12, 2026) - Elementary School — Partial Day Pre‑K 2 & 3: KRW 17,500,000 plus USD 7,000. - Elementary School — Full Day Pre‑K 2: KRW 25,940,000 plus USD 8,350. - Elementary School — Full Day Pre‑K 3 & 4: KRW 25,650,000 plus USD 12,560. - Elementary School — Full Day Kindergarten through Grade 5: KRW 26,160,000 plus USD 13,090. - Middle School (Grades 6–8): KRW 26,800,000 plus USD 14,160. - High School (Grades 9–12): KRW 32,010,000 plus USD 14,500. - British School — Partial Day Foundation (3‑year‑olds): KRW 17,500,000 plus USD 7,000. - British School — Full Day Foundation (3 & 4 combined): KRW 25,650,000 plus USD 12,560. - British School — Full Day Years 1–6: KRW 26,160,000 plus USD 13,090.
Other Fees & Typical Additional Charges - Annual bus fee (round trip): KRW 4,000,000. - Annual bus fee (afternoon only): KRW 2,900,000. - Early exam fee (per exam): KRW 80,000. - Senior fee (Grade 12 only): KRW 400,000. - Extracurricular program fees (SWEP), field trips, overseas trips and similar activities are additional to tuition and charged separately. - Uniforms, school supplies and branded gear are available through the school Spirit Shop; these costs vary by item and are not included in tuition. Contact the Spirit Shop for item prices and purchase options.
Billing Schedule and Payment Terms - Tuition is denominated in both Korean Won and U.S. Dollars for the full school year; the school issues invoices with the specific currency breakdown and due dates. - For returning students: the non‑refundable re‑enrollment deposit (KRW 6,500,000) must be paid by March 6, 2025. Total USD tuition is due by April 24, 2025. Total KRW tuition (less the re‑enrollment deposit) is due by May 29, 2025 unless an approved installment plan is arranged. - For newly enrolling students: specific deposit, tuition and fee payment instructions are provided by Student Accounts; installment plans are not available to newly enrolling students.
Tuition Payment Options (returning students only, subject to approval and administrative fees) - Payment Option 1 — Standard (no installment fee): Re‑enrollment deposit due March 6, 2025; USD tuition due April 24, 2025; KRW tuition (less deposit) due May 29, 2025. - Payment Option 2 — Three Payment Plan (non‑refundable installment fee KRW 250,000): Re‑enrollment deposit and installment fee due March 6, 2025; 1st payment (USD tuition) due May 31, 2025; 2nd payment due Oct 31, 2025 (50% of KRW tuition less re‑enrollment deposit); 3rd payment due Dec 31, 2025 (remaining KRW tuition). - Payment Option 3 — Eight Payment Plan (monthly; non‑refundable installment fee KRW 400,000): Re‑enrollment deposit and installment fee due March 6, 2025; 1st–3rd monthly payments (May–Jul 2025) cover 1/3 of USD tuition; 4th–8th monthly payments (Aug–Dec 2025) cover 1/5 portions of KRW tuition (less re‑enrollment deposit). A KRW 200,000 administrative fee applies for late requests/changes.
Transportation Billing - Bus fees are due August 30, 2025: Round trip KRW 4,000,000; Afternoon only KRW 2,900,000. Seating on afternoon‑only routes is limited and subject to availability. A KRW 200,000 administrative fee applies to late requests or changes after the bus fee due date.
Late Fees and Chargeable Penalties - Tuition late fee schedule: 30–59 days overdue = 5% of the overdue balance; over 60 days = 10% of the overdue balance. - Bus late fees: After August 31 = KRW 50,000; After December 31 = KRW 100,000. - Parents are responsible for all bank fees, charges and clearing costs on wire transfers. Failure to pay by the due date may result in late fees and withholding of student documents or unenrollment.
Non‑refundable Fees - The following are explicitly non‑refundable: Application Fee, Entrance Fee, Registration Fee, Enrollment/Re‑enrollment Deposit, Installment Fee, Late Fee, and Administrative Fees.
Refunds and Early Withdrawal / Late Entry Discounts - Refunds are issued in the currency originally received unless otherwise approved. The schedule specifies fixed refund percentages and late‑entry discounts based on defined date ranges (examples include: if a student withdraws between Aug 11–Nov 6 a defined percentage applies; other date bands have specific refund percentages; refunds are not calculated pro‑rata by days). Force majeure is excluded from refundable consideration under the policy. Exact date bands and percentages are set in the refund/late‑entry schedule.
Boarding Fees - A boarding program is not offered; Seoul Foreign School operates as a day school and boarding fees are not applicable.
Payment Methods & Instructions - Accepted payment methods: check or wire transfer to the school's Hana Bank account (separate account details are provided on the student invoice by the Business Office). Cash payments are no longer accepted at the Business Office; USD cash payments can be made at the Hana Bank Yeonhui Branch. All bank/wiring information and exact account details are provided on invoices from Student Accounts. Parents are responsible for all bank fees and clearing costs.
Notes and Charges Subject to Change - All fees (tuition, transportation, etc.) are subject to annual increase. Installment plans are available only to returning students who meet payment history requirements and are subject to administrative and installment fees. Extracurricular and trip costs are charged separately and vary by activity.
Brief summary of scope of published information - The published schedule provides full‑year tuition amounts by year group (KRW + USD), new student one‑time fees, other recurring fees (transportation, exam, senior), payment methods, due dates for returning students, approved installment plans and detailed refund/late‑entry tables. The published materials do not list a per‑term (term‑by‑term) tuition split; instead, the schedule shows full‑year tuition with specified installment/payment plan breakdowns and specific due dates.
Diving deeper
Diving deeper
Boarding arrangements
Boarding arrangements
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Boarding arrangements
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Uniform requirement
Uniform requirement
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Uniform requirement
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Food options
Food options
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Food options
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House system
House system
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House system
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Governance and ownership
Governance and ownership
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Governance and ownership
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Academics
Academics
Curriculum details
Curriculum details
Chadwick International delivers an IB continuum for Pre-K through Grade 12, comprising the Primary Years Programme (PYP), Middle Years Programme (MYP), Diploma Programme (DP) and Career Programme (CP), with a Chadwick Diploma (U.S.-accredited) awarded on graduation. The Village School (Pre-K–Grade 5) follows the PYP; Middle School (Grades 6–8) follows the MYP; Upper School (Grades 9–12) offers the DP or CP pathways, with the CI Diploma serving as the overarching graduation credential. In the DP, the Extended Essay is mandatory, while the CP path includes a Reflective Project, and the CI Diploma incorporates Outdoor Education and the Creativity, Activity and Service (CAS) components; graduation requires a 22-credit program across English, Individuals and Societies, Mathematics, Sciences, Global Languages, Arts, Physical and Health Education, Design, plus electives. The language of instruction is English, with DP Group 1 and language offerings including English, Korean, Mandarin, Spanish (and related language options such as Korean LAL/ML and Mandarin/Literature as appropriate). CI also emphasizes experiential learning and global programming, including Outdoor Education, exchanges with Chadwick School in California, Round Square conferences and Model United Nations.
Curriculum details
Seoul Foreign School offers two complementary educational paths—the International Baccalaureate Continuum (PYP, MYP, DP) and the English National Curriculum (British School)—across ages 2-5, 5-11, 11-14, and 14+. In Elementary (ages 5-11), the school delivers the IB Primary Years Programme (PYP), organized around transdisciplinary units with learning in reading, writing and mathematics, science, social studies, and Korean and Chinese world languages, aligned to the American Common Core and Next Generation Science Standards. In Middle School (ages 11-14), Seoul Foreign School implements the IB Middle Years Programme (MYP), with a focus on Approaches to Learning and Service as Action, spanning Language & Literature, Science, Language Acquisition, Individuals & Societies, Mathematics, Arts, Physical & Health Education, and Design. In High School (ages 14+), the IB Diploma Programme (DP) is offered for Grades 11-12, featuring the Core (Theory of Knowledge, Creativity, Activity & Service, Extended Essay) and six subject groups, with Standard or Higher Level options and a 45-point maximum. More than 95% of graduates undertake the full IBDP, reflecting the DP's central role within the IB pathway.
Student teacher ratio
Student teacher ratio
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Student teacher ratio
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Exam results
Exam results
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Exam results
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Higher education progression
Higher education progression
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Higher education progression
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Gifted and talented
Gifted and talented
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Gifted and talented
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Academic calendar
Academic calendar
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Academic calendar
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Wellbeing & support
Wellbeing & support
Social & emotional learning
Social & emotional learning
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Social & emotional learning
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Special educational needs (SEN)
Special educational needs (SEN)
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Special educational needs (SEN)
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English as an additional language
English as an additional language
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English as an additional language
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Mental wellbeing
Mental wellbeing
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Mental wellbeing
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Safeguarding
Safeguarding
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Safeguarding
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Safeguarding policy
Safeguarding policy
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Safeguarding policy
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Facilities
Facilities
Facilities overview
Facilities overview
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Facilities overview
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Sports facilities
Sports facilities
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Sports facilities
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Academic facilities
Academic facilities
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Academic facilities
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Extra curricular facilities
Extra curricular facilities
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Extra curricular facilities
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Parent experience
Parent experience
History
History
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History
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Community
Community
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Community
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Parent teacher association
Parent teacher association
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Parent teacher association
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Extra-curricular
Extra-curricular
Academic & intellectual
Academic & intellectual
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Academic & intellectual
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Arts & creative
Arts & creative
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Arts & creative
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Cultural & language
Cultural & language
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Cultural & language
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Social & hobbies
Social & hobbies
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Social & hobbies
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Community & service
Community & service
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Community & service
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Leadership & professional
Leadership & professional
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Leadership & professional
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Lifestyle & wellbeing
Lifestyle & wellbeing
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Lifestyle & wellbeing
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Language provision
Language provision
Language provision
Language provision
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Language provision
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Bilingual teaching
Bilingual teaching
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Bilingual teaching
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Immersion programs
Immersion programs
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Immersion programs
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Reputation
Reputation
Awards
Awards
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Awards
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Accreditations
Accreditations
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Accreditations
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Admissions
Admissions
Admissions
Admissions
1. Admissions Process 2. Waitlist/Pool 3. Scholarships
Admissions
1. Admissions Process 1. Review Eligibility Requirements. The school admits students based on developmental readiness, prior achievement, and readiness for its program, with eligibility dictated by Korean regulations. There are five key eligibility pathways (A, B, or C) that determine whether a family qualifies to apply, including passport status and residence history. The process also considers English proficiency for any needed ELL support and requires parent agreement to partner with the school's rules and mission. Evidence such as birth certificates, family registries, and Alien Registration Cards are typically required, and the policy notes the school may exercise discretion in admissions.
2. Check Availability. Before submitting an online application, submit an Inquiry Form to check seat availability, because many grades may be full at the start of the school year. The school recommends confirming seat availability for the 2026–2027 year through the inquiry process, since the 2025–2026 year had many grades already full. For the 2026–2027 year, the online application form becomes available on November 13, 2025.
3. Submit an Application. If a seat is available and you proceed, you create a username and password to begin the online application, complete the form, and pay a non-refundable application fee before processing. Completed applications are reviewed, and the school informs applicants of admissions decisions by email. The first day of the 2026–2027 school year is August 10, 2026, which provides a planning reference for timelines.
4. Application Requirements. All applicants must submit a non-refundable application processing fee (KRW 400,000 per applicant) and a set of standard documents, including birth certificates translated into English (or an English-language Family Relations certificate if applicable), and passport copies for the student and parents. If at least one parent holds a non-Korean passport, additional forms and resident status documentation are required, and SFS does not sponsor student visas. Age-specific requirements add further documents and steps, such as report cards, teacher recommendations, and possible informal interviews or admissions tests. Details vary by age: PK2–KG require a set of early-childhood documents and sometimes an informal interview; Grades 1–5 require report cards and teacher references and may involve an informal interview; Grades 6–8 and 9–12 require multiple teacher recommendations and counselor references, plus an admissions test and Writing Test.
5. Admissions Decision. After eligibility and all requirements are completed, the admissions decision is communicated via email. The school notes the decision timing is contingent on completing all eligibility checks and submission requirements. The admissions process also includes an assessment component ( Admissions Test and potential ELL evaluation) for certain age groups, with the specifics varying by grade level.
2. Waitlist/Pool When there are more qualified candidates than seats available, Seoul Foreign School establishes a waitpool. If openings arise, the admissions committee selects which candidate(s) to admit based on the overall profile of the class and how well the candidate's needs and qualifications align with the school's current resources. This waitpool approach reflects the school's effort to balance class composition and available capacity.
3. Scholarships Seoul Foreign School maintains limited scholarship-related resources through restricted funds. The Jack R. Moon Biology Scholarship is an established endowment supporting biology education, honoring a longtime faculty member; gifts to this fund support future recipients. In addition, the Annual Fund provides tuition assistance for Christian workers in need, reflecting targeted financial support beyond tuition revenue. Endowment and restricted funds, including Building for the Future, support facilities and program investments that can indirectly affect the school's financial aid capacity.
Fees (Admissions context) For new applicants, there are mandatory fees payable at different points in the process: the non-refundable application fee (KRW 400,000); if accepted, a one-time Registration Fee (KRW 600,000) and an Entrance Fee (KRW 5,500,000). There are also ongoing costs such as the annual bus fees (Round trip KRW 4,000,000; Afternoon only KRW 2,900,000) and other incidentals. The 2025–2026 fee schedule provides per-program tuition figures in KRW with additional USD amounts where applicable. These details are published on the Tuition and Fees page and include programs for Elementary, Middle, High School, and the British School track.
Notes and dates to be aware of - The Admissions section confirms the school's program options include IB and English National Curriculum paths, with English-language assessment and ELL considerations as part of eligibility. - SFS does not sponsor student visas; families should plan accordingly for visa and residency documentation. - The first day of the 2026–2027 school year is August 10, 2026, which helps with planning timelines for applications and decisions.
Cited sources provide the admissions steps, waitpool policy, scholarship options, and fee structure as of the 2025–2026 school year. If you'd like, I can summarize the exact fee amounts by program for the 2025–2026 year or help compare SFS to other international schools in Seoul.}]}#-1-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-1-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0
